taekvon-dos istoria

taekvon-do – es sabrZolo xelovnebis erT-erTi saxeobaa, romelic daarsebul iqna 1955 wlis 11 aprils Crdilokoreuli generlis Coi xong xi-s mier.
tae - koreuli sityvaa da qarTulad fexiT dartymas niSnavs, kvoni – es muStiT an xeliT dartkmaa, xolo do – gza. anu mTlianobaSi taekvon-do or azrs aerTianebs. Ppirveli – es aris taekvon – xelebisa da fexebis erTdroulad gamoyeneba Tavdasacavad. meore -  do – cxovrebiseuli gza, romelic moicavs intensiur gonebriv varjiSs umaRlesi Semecnebis gasanviTareblad, rac taekvon-dos filosofiisa da kulturis SeswavliT xorcieldeba.
Tavisi arsebobis xanmokle drois gamo, sxvebTan SedarebiT, taekvon-do sakmaod axalgazrda sabrZolo xelovnebaa. Mman moipova udidesi popularoba da dResdReobiT masSi mTeli msofliodan 40 mln-ze meti adamiania gaerTianebuli.
taekvon dos istoriis manZilze mravali sxvadasxva federacia iqna registrirebuli, romelTagan sami maTgani yvelaze mravalricxovania. I –ad 1966 wlis 22 marts registrirebul iqna taekvon-dos saerTaSoriso federacia (ITF). Mmas filialebi gaaCnia msoflios 126 qveyanaSi. 2002 wlamde mas marTavda TviT taekvon-dos damaarsebeli generali Coi xong xi, amitom igi yvelaze tradiciulia. II – es aris (WTF), ruseTSi mas txekvon-dos uwodeben. Mmisi saTao dawesebuleba Crdilo koreaSi, qalaq seulSia da kukivoni hqvia. igi daregistrirebuli iyo 1973 wlis 28 maiss. WTF-s Zlier ekonomikur mxardaWeras uwevs Crdilokoreuli dawesebuleba. igi popularulia da mxolod sportuli mimarTuleba gaaCnia. Mman SeZlo Sesuliyo qalaq sidneis 2000 wlis olimpiuri TamaSebis programaSi da gamxdariyo sportis olimpiuri saxeoba. Sejibrebebi tardeba mxolod sparingebSi. sportsmenebi imosebian tanze specialuri JiletebiT da Tavze kaskiT. ikrZaleba dartymebi wels qvemoT. daSvebulia fexiT dartymebi sxeulsa da TavSi da xeliT dartymebi mxolod sxeulze. WTF-is teqnikas TviTdacvisaTvis naklebefeqturianad miiCneven misi sportuli mimarTulebisda gamo. III yvelaze axalgazrda federacia – es aris taekvon-dos globaluri federacia (GTF). Mmas marTavda ostati pak jun te, romelic iyo ITF-is yofili teqnikuri direqtori da Zalian Zlieri ostati taekvon-doSi. ITF-Si gaerTianebul organizaciaTa raodenobis Sesaxeb Zalzed mwiri da xSirad urTierTsawinaaRmdego informacia arsebobs. savarjiSo procesi xasiaTdeba mkacri discipliniT. Ddo-iangSi (Senoba, sadac xdeba taekvon-dos swavleba) moqcevis wesi mkacrad reglamentirebulia.
tansacmlis forma, ritualebi, maswavlebelTan da amxanagebTan urTierToba gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis qveS warmoebs. vinaidan, pirveli moswavleebi samxedroebi iyvnen, taekvon-dos unda daekmayofilebina rigi moTxovnebi:

taekvon-dos damfuZneblebma SesZles gadaewyvitaT dasmuli amocanebi. taekvon-do gamoirCeva kargad SemuSavebuli swavlebis meTodikiT, romelic SesaZloa dResdReobiT yvela asakis, rogorc mamrobiTi ise mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlisaTvis iyos adaptirebuli. taekvon-doSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba xelebiTa da fexebiT dartymiTi teqnika, rac SesaZlebelia erTdroulad ramodenime mowinaaRmdegis sawinaaRmdegod Sesruldes.
taekvon-do Tavisi arsiT mraval brZolas aerTianebs: Sejibri sparingSi (macogi), saCvenebeli Sejibri (Tuli), Sejibri dafis gadatexvaSi (3 sxvadasxva dartyma qalebisaTvis da 5 - kacebisaTvis), agreTve Sejibri taekvon-dos specialur teqnikaSi (te-ki dafebis gadatexva sigrZeSi da simaRleSi xtomiT – 3 sxvadasxva naxtomi qalebSi da 5 - kacebSi). SejibrTa disciplinis swavlebis programaSi Sedis Tavdacvis elementebic (xosinsuli), romlebic warmoadgenen zemoTxsenebuli disciplinis CamonaTvalTa logikur gamoyenebas realur situaciaSi.
taekvon-do aris erTaderTi sabrZolo xelovneba, romlis swavlebis meTodika, agreTve filosofia, qamrebis miniWeba da misi Semadgeneli yoveli komponenti: gadatexva, Sexvedra, bazuri teqnika, specialuri teqnika, formaluri kompleqsebi, Tavdacva aRwerilia TviT damaarseblis mier erT wignSi, romelsac taekvon-dos enciklopedia ewodeba. igi 15 tomisagan Sedgeba.
taekvon-doSi TiToeuls SeuZlia miiRos is, rac mas sWirdeba: gaiumjobesos janmrTeloba, SeeCvios Tavis dacvas, gaecnos taekvon-dos filosofias, gamowvrTnas Zlieri sxeuli da suli, magram imisaTvis, rom gaxde profesionali saWiroa sakuTar Tavze muSaobis Zlieri nebisyofa, udreki ganzraxva, moTmenis unari. moTmena xangrZlivi wlebisa, moTmena tkivilisa da dardis, mkacri brZolisa da misgan gamowveuli tramvebisa.
taekvon-doSi qamrebis gacemis unikaluri sistema arsebobs: arsebobs feradi qamrebis 10 gipi da 9 dani, rac Savi qamris dones gansazRvravs. varjiSis intensiurobidan gamomdinare Savi qamris miReba SesaZlebelia erTi wlidan (Tu varjiSob 4 sT. 6-jer kviraSi) 4-5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tu varjiSob 2-3 jer 1,5 sT. imisaTvis, rom miiRo II dani saWiroa gavides kidev 1 weli, III dani – 2 weli, IV dani – 3 weli da a.S.
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I-dan III danis CaTvliT Savi qamris mflobelni uflebamosilni arian CaiTvalon mwvrTnelis damxmareebad (bo-sa bom). IV-dan VI danis mflobelni iTvlebian, rogorc mwvrTnelebi (sa bom), VII-dan VIII danis mflobelebs ostatis wodeba gaaCniaT, xolo  IX danis mflobelni didostatebi arian (sa son nim). yovelive es miuTiTebs imaze, rom taekvon-doSi mwvrTnelis uflebis mosapoveblad (IV dani da zeviT) minimum 7 welia saWiro. arsebuli dro sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom moyvaruli profesionalad Camoyalibdes.
qamrebze atestaciis miRebis ufleba mxolod ITF-is saerTaSoriso instruqtors gaaCnia. saerTaSoriso instruqtori SeiZleba gaxdes mxolod Savi qamris mflobeli IV danidan.
taekvon-do Tavdacvis xelovnebaa da misi filosofia 5 principiT gamoixateba: nakiTxoba, moTmena, uryevi suli, TviTkontroli, patiosneba.
arsebobs mcdari mosazreba, rom taekvon-doSi ar arsebobs xelebis teqnika. ra Tqma unda kargad SemuSavebuli fexebis teqnika es gansakuTrebuli ganmasxvavebeli niSania, Tavis mxriv garkveuli samarko niSanic kia, magram es aranairad ar niSnavs imas, rom varjiSis dros xelebis teqnikas mcire dro eTmoba.
taekvon-dos mimzidveli efeqti gaaCnia. moZraobis kultura mayurebelSi did STabeWdilebas tovebs, xolo movarjiSeebs did siamovnebas aniWebs. aq arsebobs sxeulisa da sulis mravalmxrivi ganviTareba, rac sinTezSia teqnikiT gamowveul siamovnebasTan da moZraobasTan.